Photo, above: The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American War of Independence that took place near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781, between a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and a French fleet led by Rear Admiral François Joseph Paul, comte de Grasse.

JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW

Saturday 905P Eastern Time: . Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots by Thomas S. Kidd; 1 of 2

Saturday 920P Eastern Time:  . Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots by Thomas S. Kidd; 2 of 2

The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga occurred during the American Revolutionary War on May 10, 1775, when a small force ofGreen Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold overcame a small British garrison at the fort and looted the personal belongings of the garrison. Cannons and other armaments from the fort were transported to Boston and used tofortify Dorchester Heights and break the standoff at the Siege of Boston.

Saturday 935P Eastern Time: . Ethan Allen: His Life and Times by Willard Sterne Randall;1 of 2

Saturday 950P Eastern Time:  . Ethan Allen: His Life and Times by Willard Sterne Randall; 2 of 2

Saturday 1005P (705P Pacific Time):  . Island of Vice: Theodore Roosevelt's Quest to Clean Up Sin-Loving New York by Richard Zacks; 1 of 4

Roosevelt became president of the board of New York City Police Commissioners in 1895. During his two years in this post, Roosevelt radically reformed the police department. The police force was reputed as one of the most corrupt in America. The NYPD's history division records that Roosevelt was "an iron-willed leader of unimpeachable honesty, (who) brought a reforming zeal to the New York City Police Commission in 1895."^[36] Roosevelt and his fellow commissioners established new disciplinary rules, created a bicycle squad to enforce New York's traffic laws, and standardized the use of pistols by officers.^[37] He selected the Colt New Police Revolver in .32 Colt Caliber as the first standard issue pistol for the NYPD. Roosevelt implemented regular inspections of firearms and annual physical exams, appointed 1,600 recruits based on their physical and mental qualifications and not on political affiliation, established meritorious service medals, and closed corrupt police hostelries. During his tenure, a Municipal Lodging House was established by the Board of Charities, and Roosevelt required officers to register with the Board. He also had telephones installed in station houses.

Saturday 1020P (720P Pacific Time):  . Island of Vice: Theodore Roosevelt's Quest to Clean Up Sin-Loving New York by Richard Zacks; 2 of 4

Saturday 1035P (735P Pacific Time):  . Island of Vice: Theodore Roosevelt's Quest to Clean Up Sin-Loving New York by Richard Zacks; 3 of 4

Saturday 1050P (750P Pacific Time):  . Island of Vice: Theodore Roosevelt's Quest to Clean Up Sin-Loving New York by Richard Zacks; 4 of 4

Saturday 1105P (805P Pacific Time): . An American Betrayal: Cherokee Patriots and the Trail of Tears by Daniel Blake Smith; 1 of 4

Saturday 1120P (820P Pacific Time): . An American Betrayal: Cherokee Patriots and the Trail of Tears by Daniel Blake Smith; 2 of 4

Saturday 1135P (835P Pacific Time): . An American Betrayal: Cherokee Patriots and the Trail of Tears by Daniel Blake Smith; 3 of 4

In 1838, the Cherokee people were forcibly removed from their lands in the Southeastern United States to the Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) in theWestern United States, which resulted in the deaths of approximately 4,000 Cherokees.^[24] In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nu na da ul tsun yi—“the Place Where They Cried”. The Cherokee Trail of Tears resulted from the enforcement of the Treaty of New Echota, an agreement signed under the provisions of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which exchanged Native American land in the East for lands west of the Mississippi River, but which was never accepted by the elected tribal leadership or a majority of the Cherokee people.

Saturday 1150P (850P Pacific Time):  . An American Betrayal: Cherokee Patriots and the Trail of Tears by Daniel Blake Smith; 4 of 4

Saturday/Sun 1205A (905 Pacific Time):  . A Kingdom Strange: The Brief and Tragic History of the Lost Colony of Roanoke by James P. P. Horn; 1 of 2

Saturday/Sun 1220A (920 Pacific Time): . A Kingdom Strange: The Brief and Tragic History of the Lost Colony of Roanoke by James P. P. Horn; 2 of 2

 

Because of the continuing war with Spain, White was not able to mount another resupply attempt for three more years. He finally gained passage on a privateering expedition that agreed to stop off at Roanoke on the way back from the Caribbean. White landed on August 18, 1590, on his granddaughter's third birthday, but found the settlement deserted. His men could not find any trace of the 90 men, 17 women, and 11 children, nor was there any sign of a struggle or battle.^[2]:130–33

The only clue was the word "Croatoan" carved into a post of the fort and "Cro" carved into a nearby tree. All the houses and fortifications had been dismantled, which meant their departure had not been hurried. Before he had left the colony, White had instructed them that if anything happened to them, they should carve a Maltese cross on a tree nearby, indicating that their disappearance had been forced. As there was no cross, White took this to mean they had moved to "Croatoan Island" (now known as Hatteras Island), but he was unable to conduct a search. A massive storm was brewing and his men refused to go any further. The next day, they left.^[2]

Saturday/Sun 1235A (935P Pacific Time):  . 1781: The Decisive Year of the Revolutionary War by Robert Tonsetic; 1 of 2

Saturday/Sun  1250A  (950P Pacific Time): 1781: The Decisive Year of the Revolutionary War by Robert Tonsetic; 2 of 2

Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis KG (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805), styled Viscount Brome between 1753 and 1762 and known as The Earl Cornwallis between 1762 and 1792, was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. In the United States and the United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. His surrender in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown ended significant hostilities in North America. He also served as a civil and military governor in Ireland and India; in both places he brought about significant changes, including the Act of Union in Ireland and the Cornwallis Code, including the Permanent Settlement, in India.

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